关于茶文化的基本介绍英国茶文化英文介绍

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茶是古代中国南方人民对中国饮食文化的贡献，也是中国人民对世界饮食文化的贡献。下面是我精心为你整理的关于茶文化的基本介绍，一起来看看。

关于茶文化的基本介绍

茶文化包括茶叶品评技法、艺术操作手段的鉴赏、品茗美好环境的领略等整个品茶过程的美好意境。其过程体现形式和精神的相互统一，是饮茶活动过程中形成的文化现象。它起源久远，历史悠久，文化底蕴深厚，与宗教结缘。全世界有一百多个国家和地区的居民都喜爱品茗。有的地方把饮茶品茗作为一种艺术享受来推广。各国的饮茶方法相同，各有千秋。中国人民历来就有?客来敬茶?的习惯，这充分反映出中华民族的文明和礼貌。

　茶文化的种类介绍

1. 绿茶：茶是不经过发酵的茶，即将鲜叶经过摊晾后直接下到一二百度的热锅里炒制，以保持其绿色的特点。

主要花色有：西湖龙井茶、日照绿茶、雪青茶、碧罗春茶、黄山毛峰茶、庐山云雾、六安瓜片、蒙顶茶、太平猴魁茶、顾渚紫笋茶、信阳毛尖茶、竹叶青、都匀毛尖、平水珠茶、西山茶、雁荡毛峰茶、华顶云雾茶、涌溪火青茶、敬亭绿雪茶、峨眉峨蕊茶、都匀毛尖茶、恩施玉露茶、婺源茗眉茶、雨花茶、莫干黄芽茶、五山盖米茶、普陀佛茶、西农毛尖。

2. 红茶：红茶与绿茶恰恰相反，是一种全发酵茶(发酵程度大于80%)。红茶的名字得自其汤色红。

主要花色有：祁门红茶、滇红、英德红茶、正山小种红茶等。

3. 黑茶：黑茶原来主要销往边区，像云南的普洱茶就是其中一种。普洱茶又分两种《一是传统普洱茶也就是生茶》，是以云南特有的大叶种晒青毛茶，经蒸压自然干燥一定时间贮放形成的特色茶。另一种也《就是现代普洱茶也就是熟茶》是经过潮水微生物固态发酵形成的。普洱茶具有降脂、减肥和降血压的功效，在东南亚和日本很普及。不过真要说减肥，效果最显著的还是乌龙茶。

4. 乌龙茶：乌龙茶也就是青茶，是一类介于红绿茶之间的半发酵茶。乌龙茶在六大类茶中工艺最复杂费时，泡法也最讲究，所以喝乌龙茶也被人称为喝工夫茶。

主要花色有：武夷岩茶、安溪铁观音、凤凰单丛、冻顶乌龙茶等。

5. 黄茶：著名的君山银针茶就属于黄茶，黄茶的制法有点像绿茶，不过中间需要闷黄工序。

主要花色有：君山银针、沩山毛尖、霍山黄芽、霍山黄大茶等。

6. 白茶：白茶则主要是通过萎凋、干燥制成的。白茶外形、香气和滋味都是非常好的。

主要花色有：白毫银针、白牡丹。

将上述几种常见的分类方法综合起来，中国茶叶则可分为基本茶类和再加工茶类两大部分：

基本茶类

绿茶我国产量最多的一类茶叶，其花色品种之多居世界首位。绿茶具有香高、味醇、形美、耐冲泡等特点。其制作工艺都经过杀青一揉捻一干燥的过程。由于加工时干燥的方法不同，绿茶又可分为炒青绿茶(龙井)、烘青绿茶(黄山毛峰)、蒸青绿茶(恩施玉露)和晒清绿茶(滇绿)。

绿茶是我国产量最多的一类茶叶，全国18个产茶省(区)都生产绿茶。我国绿茶花色品种之多居世界之首，每年出口数万吨，占世界茶叶市场绿茶贸易量的70%左右。我国传统绿茶--眉茶和珠茶，向以香高、味醇、形美、耐冲泡，而深受国内外消费者的欢迎。

红茶红茶与绿茶的区别，在于加工方法不同。红茶加工时不经杀青，而且萎凋，使鲜叶失去一部分水分，再揉捻(揉搓成条或切成颗粒)，然后发酵，使所含的茶多酚氧化，变成红色的化合物。这种化合物一部分溶于水，一部分不溶于水，而积累在叶片中，从而形成红汤、红叶。红茶主要有小种红茶(正山小种)、工夫红茶(祁红)和红碎茶(立顿红茶)三大类。

青茶(乌龙茶)属半发酵茶，即制作时适当发酵，使叶片稍有红变，是介于绿茶与红茶之间的一种茶类。它既有绿茶的鲜爽，又有红茶的浓醇。因其叶片中间为绿色，叶缘呈红色，故有?绿叶红镶边?之称。

白茶是我国的特产。它加工时不炒不揉，只将细嫩、叶背满茸毛的茶叶晒干或用文火烘干，而使白色茸毛完整地保留下来。白茶主要产于福建的福鼎、政和、松溪和建阳等县，有?银针?、?白牡丹?、?贡眉?、?寿眉?几种。

黄茶在制茶过程中，经过闷堆渥黄，因而形成黄叶、黄汤。分?黄芽茶?(包括湖南洞庭湖君山银芽、四川雅安、名山县的蒙顶黄芽、安徽霍山的霍内芽)、?黄小茶?(包括湖南岳阳的北港在、湖南宁乡的沩山毛尖、浙江平阳的平阳黄汤、湖北远安的鹿苑)、?黄大茶?(包括的广东大叶青、安徽的霍山黄大茶)三类。

黑茶原料粗老，加工时堆积发酵时间较长，使叶色呈暗褐色。是藏、蒙、维吾尔等兄弟民族不可缺少的日常必需品。有?湖南黑茶?、?湖北老青茶?、?广西六堡茶?、四川的?西路边茶南路边茶?、云南的?紧茶?、?饼茶?、?方茶?和?圆茶?等品种。

再加工茶类

以各种毛茶或精制茶再加工而成的称为再加茶，包括花茶、紧压茶，液体茶、速溶茶及药用茶等。

药茶将药物与茶叶配伍，制成药茶，以发挥和加强药物的功效，利于药物的溶解，增加香气，调和药味。这种茶的种类很多，如?午时茶?、?姜茶散?、?益寿茶?、?减肥茶?等。

花茶这是一种比较稀有的茶叶花色品种。它是用花香增加茶香的一种产品，在我国很受喜欢。一般是用绿茶做茶坯，少数也有用红茶或乌龙茶做茶坯的。它根据茶叶容易吸附异味的特点，以香花以窨料加工而成的。所用的花品种有茉莉花、桂花、珠兰等好几种，以茉莉花最多。

从世界上来看，在以上类茶中，以红茶的数量最大，其次是绿茶，最少的是白茶。

茶的起源英文的

黑茶英语：black tea。

1.黑茶的起源与发展

历史悠久的茶叶种类：黑茶是中国传统六大茶类之一，可以追溯到明代。它在发展过程中受到了许多因素的影响，如地理环境、气候条件和人文因素等。

原产地与特点：黑茶主要产于中国的云南、湖南、四川等地，以其微生物发酵的独特工艺而闻名。它不仅外形特殊，而且具有独特的口感和香气。

2.黑茶文化的内涵与价值

茶人精神与修为：黑茶文化强调茶人的修行与自然相融合，鼓励茶人通过品茶来陶冶情操，提升个人修为。

民俗文化与传承：黑茶文化在中国各地形成了丰富多样的民俗活动，并成为了当地人民生活中不可或缺的一部分。黑茶作为传统文化的重要载体，通过世代相传保持着其独特的魅力。

健康与养生：黑茶被认为具有多种益处，如抗氧化、降脂减肥、健胃消食等。它也被广泛应用于中医养生领域，成为人们追求健康生活的一部分。

3.黑茶的品鉴与知识

外形与色泽：黑茶外观有“砖茶”、“饼茶”、“沱茶”等多种形态，以及不同的色泽，如红褐、深红等。

香气与口感：黑茶具有独特的陈香和陈味，随着时间的推移而变得更加浓郁醇厚。其口感丰富多样，有些黑茶带有甜味，有些则较为苦涩。

泡茶技巧与注意事项：品鉴黑茶需要掌握正确的泡茶技巧，例如选用适宜的水温和冲泡时间，并注意保持清洁的茶具。

4.黑茶与文化艺术的结合

与文学艺术的交集：中国古代文人墨客对于茶的热爱与赞美在许多文学作品中得到体现，黑茶也是其中的一种重要题材。茶诗、茶曲等艺术形式都与黑茶有着紧密的联系。

茶道文化的传播：黑茶通过茶道这一独特的传统仪式而与文化艺术相结合，它以其独特的韵味延续了千百年的传统。

结论：

黑茶作为中国传统茶文化的重要组成部分，拥有丰富的历史背景和文化内涵，不仅滋养了人们的口腹之欲，更是一门修身养性的技艺。通过品鉴和了解黑茶文化，我们可以更好地体验和感悟中国古老、优雅、健康的生活方式。

Tea:Chinese Beginnings

According to Chinese legend, tea was discovered by emperor Shen Nung in 2737 B.C.E. While boiling water one morning, leaves from a nearby plant fell into the pot. He liked the taste and discovered that not only did this new infusion of herbs quench thirst, but also reduced the need for sleep and cheered the heart. He continued to drink what we now know as tea, and shared the beverage with others.

The Japanese legend tells a different tale. According to the Japanese, the Chinese Buddhist saint, Bodhidharma, became so overwhelmed by sleep while meditating that he tore off his eyelids and threw them on the ground. They took root and a tea plant grew. This explains both the invigorating effects of tea and the eyelid shape of the leaf .

Demand in China for the new medicinal drink grew slowly, but eventually caused the destruction of many of the tea tree forests in China, as the entire tree was cut down to strip it of its leaves. With the appearance of tea cultivation, the plant was prevented from completely disappearing. By 350 CE tea drinking was common in China, and many grew the herb privately.

Tea was thought of as a medicinal drink in China until late in the sixth century. In 780 CE Chinese merchants commissioned the Ch'a Ching, a book about the history of tea to extol its virtues. An abridged version of the Ch'a Ching's description of the proper tea making process is as follows: after being plucked on a sunny day, the tea leaves must be baked over an even fire, with no wind. After baking they should be placed in a paper bag to cool. When completely cold the leaves can be ground. Then spring water should be heated to just under the boiling point and a pinch of salt added. Then bring it to a second boil, and stir only the middle portion of the liquid. Steep the ground tea leaves in this water in each cup individually and drink before it cools. The first and second cups taste the best, and more than four or five cups should not be consumed. The skill of making tea properly was highly valued in China, and an inability to make tea well, and with elegance, would cause disgrace. Making tea was an honor, and only the lord of the house was allowed this privilege and duty

Tea drinking was especially popular in the T'ang Dynasty, 620 to 907 CE. Several different preparations were used to make tea, including the addition of onion, ginger, orange, or peppermint. Milk and sugar were never added to tea, although both were available and used in other foods. Different preparations of teas held different medicinal purposes, although by this time tea was primarily thought of as a beverage in spite of its believed healing properties.

Tea was a drink of the working people and the aristocracy, and was often drunk while entertaining, both casually and formally. Visitors were served tea, prepared by the lord of the house. Although consumed universally throughout China, tea was identified primarily with the southern and central provinces, where it played an important role in betrothals. It was the symbol of new marriages, as it was said that both tea bushes and new families must grow from a new seed.

另附：

The Chinese people, in their drinking of tea, place much significance on the act of "savoring." "Savoring tea" is not only a way to discern good tea from mediocre tea, but also how people take delight in their reverie and in tea-drinking itself. Snatching a bit of leisure from a busy schedule, making a kettle of strong tea, securing a serene space, and serving and drinking tea by yourself can help banish fatigue and frustration, improve your thinking ability and inspire you with enthusiasm. You may also imbibe it slowly in small sips to appreciate the subtle allure of tea-drinking, until your spirits soar up and up into a sublime aesthetic realm. Buildings, gardens, ornaments and tea sets are the elements that form the ambience for savoring tea. A tranquil, refreshing, comfortable and neat locale is certainly desirable for drinking tea. Chinese gardens are well known in the world and beautiful Chinese landscapes are too numerous to count. Teahouses tucked away in gardens and nestled beside the natural beauty of mountains and rivers are enchanting places of repose for people to rest and recreate themselves.

China is a country with a time-honored civilization and a land of ceremony and decorum. Whenever guests visit, it is necessary to make and serve tea to them. Before serving tea, you may ask them for their preferences as to what kind of tea they fancy and serve them the tea in the most appropriate teacups. In the course of serving tea, the host should take careful note of how much water is remaining in the cups and in the kettle. Usually, if the tea is made in a teacup, boiling water should be added after half of the cup has been consumed; and thus the cup is kept filled so that the tea retains the same bouquet and remains pleasantly warm throughout the entire course of tea-drinking. Snacks, sweets and other dishes may be served at tea time to complement the fragrance of the tea and to allay one's hunger.

中国茶文化

中国人饮茶，注重一个"品"字。"品茶"不但是鉴别茶的优劣，也带有神思遐想和领略饮茶情趣之意。在百忙之中泡上一壶浓茶，择雅静之处，自斟自饮，可以消除疲劳、涤烦益思、振奋精神，也可以细啜慢饮，达到美的享受，使精神世界升华到高尚的艺术境界。品茶的环境一般由建筑物、园林、摆设、茶具等因素组成。饮茶要求安静、清新、舒适、干净。中国园林世界闻名，山水风景更是不可胜数。利用园林或自然山水间，搭设茶室，让人们小憩，意趣盎然。

中国是文明古国，礼仪之邦，很重礼节。凡来了客人，沏茶、敬茶的礼仪是必不可少的。当有客来访，可征求意见，选用最合来客口味的茶叶和最佳茶具待客。主人在陪伴客人饮茶时，要注意客人杯、壶中的茶水残留量，一般用茶杯泡茶，如已喝去一半，就要添加开水，随喝随添，使茶水浓度基本保持前后一致，水温适宜。在饮茶时也可适当佐以茶食、糖果、菜肴等，达到调节口味和点心之功效。

1.神思遐想：reverie。

2.领略饮茶情趣：take delight in tea-drinking。

3.在百忙之中泡上一壶浓茶……:这个句子较长，译者根据其意思的层次，把它分成了两个完整的句子来翻译，这样就有较大的自由度来遣词造句。

4.择静雅之处：securing a serene space。

5.细啜慢饮：imbibe slowly in small sips。

6.达到美的享受：即"享受到饮茶之美"。allure这里是名词，意为"迷人之处"，也可用beauty。

7.使精神世界升华到高尚的艺术境界：until your spirits soar up and up into a sublime aesthetic realm。

8.利用园林或自然山水间，搭设茶室：翻译时用了tucked away和nestled，比用built要形象、优美得多。

9.让人们小憩，意趣盎然:意思是"(茶室)是让人们休息、娱乐的迷人场所。"

10.礼仪之邦:即是"一个很讲究礼仪的地方"，"很重礼节"为重复，不译。

11.当有客来访：是"凡来了客人"的重复，可不译。根据下文的内容，加上before serving tea，使上下衔接贴切自然。

12.征求意见，选用最合来客口味的茶叶和最佳茶具待客：可理解为"询问来客他们最喜欢什么茶叶，然后用最合适的茶具给客人敬茶"。